France and Germany Star

This was awarded for service in France, Belgium, Holland or Germany in the period 6 June 1944 and 8 May 1945. Army personnel had to take part in any operation on land in France, Belgium, Holland or Germany in that period. For the Royal and Merchant Navies, the qualification was to be in the direct support of land operations in France, Belgium, Holland and Germany, in the North Sea south of a line from the Firth of Forth to Kristiansand, in the English Channel, or the Bay of Biscay east of longitude 6 degrees West. As ever, shore based personnel had the same qualification requirements as for the Army.

Naval service off the coast of the South of France qualified for the Italy Star.

For the RAF, aircrew had to take part in an operational sortie over Europe between 6 June 1944 and 8 May 1945. RAF aircrew who flew operations over Europe, starting from Mediterranean bases, did not qualify for the France & Germany star but the Italy Star.

The ribbon represents the French and Dutch flags.